SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Braun, Mirian Beatriz Schneider; Cardoso, Rubiane Daniele; Westeren, Knut Ingar.

O objetivo central deste trabalho é fazer uma retrospectiva histórica do processo de formação do Mercosul, o desenvolvimento das relações comerciais, bem como o conseqüente processo de convergência e divergência neste contexto. E ainda avaliar a eficácia do processo de interação no aumento das transações comerciais, tanto intra quanto extra-bloco. Nesta etapa, a característica que diferencia o outro é o processo de unificação dos estados. Desde o surgimento da idéia de integração das economias do Cone Sul da América Latina, ainda em meados dos anos-1980, o processo passou por várias fases. O primeiro edifício conhecido como o Mercosul, entre 1991 e 1998 caracteriza-se por um forte aumento do fluxo de comércio entre os países do...

Accession of the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to the European Union: Impacts on Agricultural Markets

Palavras-chave: Comércio; Integração econômica; Mercosul; Trade; Economic integration; Mercosur; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109676

Fuller, Frank H.; Beghin, John C.; Fabiosa, Jacinto F.; Mohanty, Samarendu; Fang, Cheng; Kaus, Phillip J..

Using a world agricultural multimarket model, we analyze the consequences of enlargement of the European Union (EU) to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland for agricultural markets. We produce a market outlook through the year 2010 for two enlargement scenarios, which are based on different assumptions regarding the restrictions on grain and dairy production in the acceding countries. In both scenarios, accession of the three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) leads to a permanent but moderate decrease in EU prices for virtually all commodities. For the three acceding CEECs, domestic prices increase dramatically. Their final consumption of agricultural products decreases in most instances, while production rises. Higher domestic...

An EU-Canada bilateral trade agreement: A DefraTAP application

Palavras-chave: CAP; Economic integration; EU enlargement; Agricultural trade; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Marketing.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18388

Kitou, Elisavet; Philippidis, George.

The first round of negotiations held in Ottawa on the 19th October, 2009, heralded the opening of bilateral trade talks intent on reaching a Canadian-European Union (EU27) free trade area (FTA) agreement. A second round of negotiations were staged in Brussels in January, whilst further rounds are scheduled for 2010, with the longer term aim of ratifying an agreement within 24-30 months. Although stumbling blocs will be encountered, the divergent political interests of each region are compatible. In Canada, a FTA with its second largest trading partner offers a viable alternative to its current overdependence on the US. Similarly, the EU27 sees an opportunity to regain a competitive foothold in the North American market. This paper re-examines the long run...

Footloose Capital, Market Access, and the Geography of Regional State Aid

Palavras-chave: EU27; Canada; Economic integration; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; C68; F11; F15; F17.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91679

Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P..

The global welfare implications of home market effects in trade models with imperfect competition are little understood. This paper proposes a simple model in which such implications can be easily analyzed. It shows an overall tendency of imperfectly competitive sectors to inefficiently cluster in locations that offer market access advantages. The more so the stronger the market power of firms as well as the intensity of increasing returns to scale and the lower the trade costs. As such features are likely to differ widely across sectors, those results provide theoretical ground to the promotion of regional policies that are also sectorspecific and not only region-specific as currently in the EU.

Impacts of Turkey’s Integration into the European Union on Agricultural Markets and Income Distribution

Palavras-chave: Economic integration; Specialization; Home market effect; Regional disparities; Regional policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; F12; L13; R13.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26387

Nazlioglu, Saban; Erdem, Ekrem.

This study analyzes the impacts of Turkey’s integration into the EU on price, production, consumption, and self-sufficiency in the selected agricultural markets (wheat, maize, sugar, milk, beef, lamb, and poultry). The study also examines the welfare and the income distribution impacts of the integration. A partial equilibrium model, Modéle Internationale Simplifié de Simulation (MISS), is used to simulate the impacts of the integration on the agricultural markets and Gini coefficients are calculated to examine the income distribution effects. The results show that the integration has substantial impacts on the selected agricultural markets in Turkey and deteriorates the distribution of income among the selected Turkish producers.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Economic integration; Agricultural markets; Impact analysis; Income distribution; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118575

Intra-industry Trade in Agricultural Products on intra-EC level: The Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Funds

Katrakilidis, Konstantinos; Mardas, Dimitri.

This paper aims at specifying the main determinants of the intra-industry trade in agricultural products, associated with the funds of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EC, and more precisely, with its “price support mechanism” and its “structural reform policy.” It presents CAP’s reformed main tools and mechanisms, and explains the choice of selected variables as determinants of intra-industry trade in agricultural products at intra-EC trade. The econometric analysis covers the period 1973-2005, following recent developments in time-series analysis employing the ARDL approach to cointegration. The empirical results provide evidence of Granger causal effects in both on short-run and long-run horizon running from CAP’s above mentioned policy tools...

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); Economic integration; Intraindustry trade; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q17; F15; C32.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118670

Liberalising EU Imports for Fruits and Vegetables

Bunte, Frank H.J..

This paper quantifies the impact of abolishing EU import barriers with respect to fruits and vegetables for sixteen fruits and vegetables. The estimations made are based on HORTUS, a supply and demand model for fruits and vegetables developed at LEI. HORTUS models the production, consumption and bilateral trade in fruits and vegetables for all EU25-countries, Morocco, Turkey and the Rest of the World. The paper shows that trade liberalisation has a large impact on European fruit production and trade. EU fruit production and exports are likely to fall substantially. European vegetable production and exports are relatively sheltered and are likely to benefit from the decline in EU fruit production.

Regional Cooperation to Improve Food Security in Southern and Eastern African Countries

Palavras-chave: Trade liberalisation; Economic integration; Fruits and vegetables; International Relations/Trade; F15; F17; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24473

Regional Policy in the Global Economy: Insights from New Economic Geography

Koester, Ulrich.

Success in ensuring a continuous, adequate supply of food is one of the most important bases on which governments of low-income countries are judged by their people. This is because downward fluctuations in food supplies wreak great privation on low-income people and redistribute real income away from them. In view of this, the International Food Trade and Food Security Program at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has undertaken a series of studies of food supply management in developing countries. Among the policies considered have been schemes to compensate for fluctuations in food production and supply and in foreign exchange availability at the national, regional, and international levels. IFPRI's studies of food management...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food supply; Southern Africa; Tanzania; Economic integration; Food Security and Poverty.

Ano: 1986

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42175

Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P..

So far the contribution of New Economic Geography (NEG) has been mainly positive. Normative analysis and policy implications have lagged behind. The reason is the fear of the consequences of taking too literally the neat structure of the models. Under this respect the somewhat incautious aim of this paper is precisely to take NEG models literally and ask what their exact policy implications are. This is viewed as a necessary though preliminary step towards bringing NEG insights to the policy domain.

The Impact of Optimal Tariffs and Taxes on Agglomeration

Palavras-chave: Economic integration; Increasing returns to scale; Market power; Pecuniary externalities; Regional policy; Spatial economics; Political Economy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26318

Ross, Matthias.

This paper extends an economic geography model by tariffs to analyze their impact on welfare and sustainability of agglomerations. Policies with and without cooperation are compared, with the goal of maximizing aggregated welfare in the former and regional welfare in the latter case. The main result is that under cooperation poorer regions are worse off in two respects. In the short-run they loose even more welfare and in the long-run sustainable agglomerations in richer regions get more likely. Thus, although cooperation could generate aggregated welfare gains the potential losers face even in the short-run no incentive to remove tariffs unless they are compensated appropriately, for instance by transfers. In this sense transfers from the rich to the poor...

The Preference for New Preferential Trade Agreements: Does It Lead to a Good Use of Scarce Resources?

Palavras-chave: Optimal tariffs; Optimal taxation; Policy coordination; Economic geography; Economic integration; Political Economy; F13; H21; F42; R12; F15.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26154

Transfers, Agglomeration and German Unification

Kerr, William A..

At the end of 2010 there are more than 100 new preferential trade agreements being contemplated. At the same time there are approximately 200 existing trade agreements whose provisions leave large additional potential gains from trade on the table. Despite these potential benefits, there appears to be little enthusiasm for recontracting efforts centred on existing agreements. This suggests that there is an inefficient deployment of scarce negotiating resources. Exceptions do exist, such as the European Union, which has strong institutional mechanisms - including, in particular, the Commission - that foster further market integration. While the EU's institutional model may not be suitable for all preferential agreements, incorporating a formal recontracting...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Economic integration; Institutions; Preferential trade agreements; Recontracting; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99283

Ross, Matthias.

This paper analyses in the framework of a 2-region economic geography model the impact of transfers on agglomeration of economic activity. Two main results can be derived: First, subsidies to the activity of firms are more efficient to avoid agglomeration than subsidies to consumers (social policy). Second, if a less developed region starts its catch up process first increasing and afterwards decreasing transfers are necessary to avoid agglomeration. Due to these results east Germany's slowdown of convergence may be a consequence of too less transfers and especially too less firm subsidies. Furthermore, if East Germany locates still at the first stage of convergence even increasing transfers would be necessary to guarantee convergence. Im Rahmen eines...

Vertical Differentiation and Credence Goods: Harmonized Labeling and Gains from International Integration

Palavras-chave: Economic geography; Economic integration; Transfers; Tax policy; East Germany; Political Economy; R12; F02; H7.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26161

Sheldon, Ian M.; Roe, Brian E..

Using a model of vertical product differentiation, we show under what institutional circumstances welfare gains will be maximized as economies integrate and harmonize labeling and certification policies for credence goods. Specifically, we show that harmonized mandatory, exclusive discrete labeling will not maximize the gains from economic integration, i.e., the choice of labeling regime can have a negative effect on market structure if firms choose to exit, reducing the range and quality of goods in the integrated market.